Prevention is the first line of defense against aquatic nuisance species and the most cost-effective means to avert the risk of harmful introductions. Investment in prevention avoids many of the long-term economic, environmental, and social costs associated with ANS. New species can arrive through many different ways, but most species that are considered to be invasive are a direct result of human activity.
A zebra mussel-encrusted boat propeller from Lewis and Clark Lake in South Dakota. Zebra mussels are an invasive species invasive species An invasive species is any plant or animal that has spread or been introduced into a new area where they are, or could, cause harm to the environment, economy, or human, animal, or plant health. Their unwelcome presence can destroy ecosystems and cost millions of dollars.
Transport on watercraft, fishing gear, and other recreational equipment
Escape from aquaculture facilities
Escape from nurseries and water gardens
Intentionally stocked as food or recreational sources
Intentional release of unwanted pets
Use of non-native species for habitat restoration or erosion control efforts
Accidental or intentional release of classroom and laboratory animals
Fishing bait release
Long-term success in prevention will reduce the rate of introductions, the rate of establishment, and the damage from additional aquatic nuisance species. Below are key resources developed by the Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force, its members, regional panels, or subcommittees to prevent the introduction or spread of aquatic nuisance species:
Risk Analysis:
Generic Nonindigenous Aquatic Organisms Risk Analysis Review Process (1996) - Provides a standardized process for evaluating the risk of introducing nonindigenous organisms into a new environment and, if needed, determining the correct risk management steps needed to mitigate that risk.
(2007) - The process for pathway analysis and prioritization has been 鈥榖roken down鈥� into five basic steps. These steps are designed to ensure the matching of mission areas with pathways of interest; use of most recent literature and datasets relevant to the pathways; analysis based upon expert opinions; and science-based consensus advisories.
- This project, led by Creative Resource Strategies, LLC, Conservation Collaborations, LLC, the National Sea Grant Law Center, and Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission assesses the risk of spreading invasive species via the seaplane pathway and develops measures to mitigate this potential risk.
Ballast Water
- a joint program of the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC) and the United States Coast Guard that collects, analyzes, and interprets data on the ballast water management practices of commercial ships operating in the waters of the United States.
Firefighting Equipment
- Developed by the Western Regional Panel, the Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force these adopted these protocols in 2023. This how-to guide provides step-by-step instructions on drafting from a water source, setting up and using a decontamination station, and disposing of products once finished at a site to minimize the introduction and spread of AIS. This guide is intended to serve as a supplement to the (PMS 444, January 2017).
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP)
HACCP Training. Planning to Prevent the Spread of Invasive Species, HACCP is five-step planning process that manages the risk of moving potentially invasive species during natural resource management or research activities. HACCP Training Manual
Watercraft Inspection and Decontamination
(2018) - This technical information report is intended to provide information regarding Aquatic Invasive Species (AIS) with consideration to the design and construction of boats, trailers, engines, components and accessories in order to minimize the spread of aquatic invasive species.
Developed by the Western Regional Panel, the Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force these adopted these protocols in 2021 as recommended procedures for watercraft inspection and decontamination.
